查看完整版本: [转帖]权倾朝野的诸葛亮

[转帖]权倾朝野的诸葛亮

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——從劉備托孤与《出師表》及北伐看諸葛亮其人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">223</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年，在連連遭遇了東部咽喉重鎮荊州于曹魏和東吳的夾擊下被奪取，情同手足的心腹大將關羽、張飛身亡及夷陵大敗等一系列重大挫折的蜀漢昭烈帝劉備，于白帝城病故。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　劉備病危之時，召丞相諸葛亮、尚書令李嚴托孤，命二人輔佐其子劉禪，其間劉備与諸葛亮曾經有一段對話，据《三國志》《蜀書》《諸葛亮傳》記載是這樣的：“章武三年春，先主于永安病篤，召亮于成都，屬以后事，謂亮曰：‘君才十倍曹丕，必能安國，終定大事。若嗣子可輔，輔之；如其不才，君可自取。’亮涕泣曰：‘臣敢竭股肱之力，效忠貞之節，繼之以死！’先主又為詔敕后主曰：‘汝与丞相從事，事之如父。’”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　這段話和事情的經過，就是被后世人所津津樂道，推舉為君臣之間肝膽相照的千古佳話的白帝托孤。此段加上后來諸葛亮為北伐而上的《出師表》，一直以來被作為推崇諸葛亮“千古第一人臣”的典范事例和佐證。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　對此，我是有不同看法的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　諸葛亮，作為一個在亂世之中奉行法家申韓之術的人物，其面目絕非象一直以來文人騷客們所描繪的那樣謙恭，而是一個懂得時刻要牢牢把持權利和實力，關鍵時刻對任何人都絕不手軟的政治家，包括對其第二個主子劉禪以及朝野上下的大臣、百姓在內，莫不如此。</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">我們先來看看白帝托孤。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　白帝托孤，劉備對諸葛亮說的“君才十倍曹丕，必能安國，終定大事。若嗣子可輔，輔之；如其不才，君可自取”一段話和諸葛亮后來的“鞠躬盡瘁”，既不是劉備首創，也不是僅僅只發生在諸葛亮身上。遠的不說，在三國早期，東吳奠基人孫策在臨終時就已經上演過這樣一出戲文。《三國志》《吳書》《張昭傳》：“策謂昭曰：‘若仲謀不任事者，君便自取之。正复不克捷，緩步西歸，亦無所慮。’（張昭）上表漢室，下移屬城，中外將校，各令奉職。權悲感未視事，昭……乃身自扶權上馬，陳兵而出，然后眾心知有所歸。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　此時孫權年約十九，而劉禪是十七歲登基，兩人的年紀大体相仿。但孫策死的時候，正值各路軍閥混戰、孫策勢力東征西討乘机擴張之時，其勢力并未得到鞏固，顯然比不得早已扎穩根基的蜀漢政權，所以張昭受孫策臨終囑托后，其“上表漢室，下移屬城，中外將校，各令奉職。權悲感未視事，昭……乃身自扶權上馬，陳兵而出，然后眾心知有所歸”等一系列的舉動，比之劉備托孤后諸葛亮的作用，要重要的多。而論地位，張昭之于東吳不遜于諸葛之于蜀漢，再論發生年代也是孫、張</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在前，后世人等獨推昭烈、孔明而漏桓王、子布，顯然并非是記性不好忘記了此事，這掠人之美的舉動，其用意只怕就是要讓孔明專美于前。因此認真說起來，此事并無什么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">值得大肆褒揚的地方，真要說也應該說孫策和張昭才對。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　另外劉備在白帝托孤之時，并非只找了一個諸葛亮，還有一個李嚴在側。劉備能把遠在成都的諸葛亮召來托孤，說明他托付諸葛、李二人，并非是僅僅因為李嚴在身邊方便之故，而是有其很成熟的考慮的，甚至可以說是煞費苦心的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　我們知道，蜀漢政權的根基主要是由三個勢力集團組成的：占主導地位的劉備嫡系荊楚集團，前益州刺史劉璋的東州集團，本地的益州集團。益州集團從劉璋時期開始就沒能在政治上占据大的舞台，一直處于一個陪襯的地位，所慮不大，需要考慮的乃是荊楚、東州集團之間的問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　戰略要地荊州的丟失，關、張敗亡以及夷陵之戰，這一系列的事件使得荊楚集團遭到了重大創傷。而在這個時候劉備又一病不起，當然會想到自己身沒以后這三者之間的矛盾和蜀漢政權的鞏固問題，同時我們也有理由相信他對諸葛亮并不是完全信任和沒有顧慮的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　“君才十倍曹丕，必能安國，終定大事。若嗣子可輔，輔之；如其不才，君可自取”，劉備既然以這樣的方式將這話明白地說了出來，那諸葛亮也只有以“涕泣曰：‘臣敢竭股肱之力，效忠貞之節，繼之以死！’”這樣的態度，來明确地表示他惟有盡忠而死也不會取而代之一途了。不管怎么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">樣，在那個年代里，他是不可能爽快地答應一聲“好”的。但是如此一來，倘若日后劉禪昏庸而諸葛亮真的想要取而代之，那他就要先背上個輔佐不力，背主食言的罵名，在政治、輿論以及民心上都將會面對“不臣不忠不義”的罪名，并因此導致師出無名而居于劣勢。所以劉備這話与其說是信任与托孤，不如說是一种先發制人的威脅策略</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而另一位重要人物李嚴，在劉璋時期就是東州集團中的佼佼者。自劉備入主成都以后，他在任上又屢次以少數兵力平定大規模的叛亂，充分表現了他的出色軍事和政治能力。相比較而言，諸葛亮此前在政治和外交上展示了他的出眾能力，但在軍事上并沒有什么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">建樹的机會，因此劉備很明智地做出了這樣的決定：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">
        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“嚴与諸葛亮并受遺詔輔少主；以嚴為中都護，統內外軍事”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　實際上，在劉備臨終的前一年章武二年，就已經把李嚴拔為尚書令，在官階上可与諸葛亮比肩了。由諸葛亮照行丞相事，而李嚴則主掌內外軍事，這樣的分配正好能讓二人互相制衡，以免有一方坐大。而從當時蜀漢政權的權利机构的构成和實力分配來看，也讓我們相信，劉備要防備坐大的一方，絕非是當時不處在權利中心和主導集團領袖地位上的李嚴。在短短的一年多內，通過將李嚴從犍為太守地方長官的位置上提升到尚書令，并籍由其政治地位的上升以及原有的基礎，人為地將李嚴制造成為了實際上的東州集團代表這一事實，充分說明了劉備對李嚴更多的是籠絡，而不是提防。劉備將這樣一個快速提升起來、以前從未進入過權利中心的政治新秀李嚴，列為兩名托孤重臣之一，并且命其“統內外軍事”，再聯系“君可自取”的言語，顯然說明劉備要防備、制衡的目標是諸葛亮無疑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　但在另一方面，做為一個君主的劉備，又是肯定希望他們二人能夠全力合作來加強其政權的。正好李嚴除了前面說的那些优勢外，另外還有一個有利條件，那就是他是南陽人，而“諸葛公僑客茲郡，有鄉党之分”，因此劉備希望這樣二人可以多點“必能協規”的可能性（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），從而通過這兩大集團的領袖人物的通力合作來協調兩大集團，以應付他身沒以后蜀漢政權可以想見的要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">面臨的各种危險局面，進一步地鞏固蜀漢政權。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　遺憾的是，諸葛亮并不愿意看見李嚴与他分享權利，甚至連李嚴進入政治權利中心机构所在的成都他都极端地不愿意。</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">二個托孤重臣，無論從那方面講，都應該居于首都成都，尤其李嚴還是“統內外軍事”這樣一個相當三軍司令的人物。如果說劉備死時蜀漢与東吳處于敵對狀態，李嚴留鎮永安是必須的話，那么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在蜀漢与東吳在建興元年“吳王孫權与蜀和親使聘，是歲通好”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）后，還是將李嚴這么一個“統內外軍事”、各方面都与諸葛亮并列的托孤重臣，繼續置于和東吳交界的永安，顯然是不合适的。但在這樣的情況下，于建興四年春李嚴卻去了面對東吳的二線城市江州，依然沒能進入政治權利中心的首都成都。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　作為一個混跡官場几十年，又有很強軍政能力的人物，李嚴是不可能不明白遠离政治權利中心的負面效應乃是遠离統治階層的各個官僚集團，其政治影響力越來越小，最后逐漸被人遺忘。而他還不至于也不會敢想去自立為王，因此不太可能自愿求居江州。從他后來曾“更成大城，周回六十里，……求以王郡之巴州，丞相諸葛亮不許”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）的舉動來看，他是非常想進入權利中心的。只是既然不能進成都，那只好退而求其次“以王郡之巴州”，當然相信他也明白這樣的可能性更渺茫，因此這也許僅僅是他一种表達不滿和要求的姿態而已。但是不管怎么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">樣，這都可以說明他并不是自愿遠离政治和權利中心成都的，而有能力能做到這一點的，蜀漢舉國上下惟諸葛公一人而已。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　他們二個照后世的稱謂，乃是“顧命大臣”，因此從官位和政治地位以及權利分配上講，都應該是基本并列的。但事實上自從諸葛亮扶劉備靈柩回成都之日起，李嚴就被已經撇在了一邊：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　“建興元年，封亮武鄉侯，開府治事。頃之，又領益州牧。政事無巨細，咸決于亮。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　——《三國志》《蜀書》《諸葛亮傳》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　“建興元年，封（李嚴）都鄉侯，假節，加光祿勛。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　——《三國志》《蜀書》《李嚴傳》</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">說起這個，我想以諸葛亮之“達于為政”，思維之周密和“杖二十以上親決”的精細作風，應該是知道不置史官之害的。“國不置史”的舉動所產生的最直接后果，是蜀亡以后作為蜀漢著名史學家譙周弟子的陳壽，奉命修編三國史，但即使是在當時人修當時史的情況下，也惟有蜀書因為“行事多遺，災异靡書”，資料嚴重匱乏，許多著名和重要的人物無法單獨作傳，而導致僅僅只修了一卷而作罷（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。倘若說在劉備手上是因為蜀漢初建無暇顧及的話，那么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在劉禪當政后這么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">長的時間內，無論經濟和政權穩固度都大大得到了提高，并且在擁有劉巴、秦宓、譙周、許靖等多名出色的文、史學人才情況下，作為自承漢朝正統的蜀漢朝廷依然“國不置史”，那就不太能以諸葛亮“猶有未周”這樣簡單的失誤所能解釋得通了，而要是從“行事多遺”這個角度去看，多少會更令人疑惑其“國不置史”的目的何在。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　除了對劉禪提出了這樣一些不能不從的“建議”外，諸葛亮當然也不會忘記安排他北伐离開成都后朝中的人事問題。“侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費禕、董允等，此皆良實，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補闕漏，有所廣益。……親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每与臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨於桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節之臣，原陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　我們可以發現，諸葛亮提出在他离開成都后，要后主“事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行”的人選，無一例外的全部是荊楚集團的骨干，東州和益州人士一個也沒出現。尤其是李嚴，作為這樣一個和諸葛亮并列、“統內外軍事”、官拜尚書令的托孤重臣，在北伐這件關乎國計民生的軍國大事上未能有一點說話的机會，而在諸葛亮不在的情況下，也理應是由他來主持朝政的，然而在諸葛亮這份要求北伐、安排北伐之后朝中主持工作人選的表章中，連提都沒提他，不管從那個角度而言，這都是不正常的。而諸葛亮所謂的“親賢臣”，要劉禪親信的郭攸之、費禕、董允、向寵等荊楚集團人士雖然的确都是賢臣，然換而言之，李嚴、費觀、何宗、王謀（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）等人難道就不是賢臣了嗎，而且他們或是托孤大臣或是位列九卿的官員，單就官階論也要遠高于這几位侍中、侍郎，不提他們于情于理都是說不過去的，因此諸葛亮這樣做絕非是偶然的。</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而富有政治經驗的李嚴這個時候不但拒絕了諸葛亮這一要求，還借机發起了反擊。他乘勢提出將蜀漢東線的巴、巴東、巴西、涪陵等五郡組成巴州，并由他擔任刺史。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　早在建興元年，諸葛亮就已經“開府治事。頃之，又領益州牧”，此后“政事無巨細，咸決于亮”。而作為僅次于諸葛亮的尚書令，又是兩名托孤重臣之一的李嚴，卻只被授了一個光祿勛的虛銜，并被棄于遠离權利中心成都的江州，這樣實際產生的后果，就是導致象北伐這樣大的軍事行動，完全沒有他這個被劉備遺命“統內外軍事”的托孤大臣說話和發表意見的份。因此他以這樣的舉動明确表示了他的不滿，并提出了在政治上享受与諸葛亮“領益州牧”那樣同等待遇的要求，要成為巴州刺史。刺史即州牧，一旦真的設置巴州并由李嚴任刺史，那等于將整個蜀漢東部都划進了李嚴的勢力范圍，而作為尚書令的李嚴，就可以与諸葛亮這個丞相兼益州牧在各個方面都平起平坐了。他的這一要求，按照他當時的身份和在蜀漢政權中的地位，應該說是正當的、并不過分的。只不過作為諸葛亮而言，是不會允許這樣的情況發生的，但此時他卻又拿李嚴毫無辦法，因此不得不將此事不了了之，只好暫不再提起將李嚴与江州部隊調往漢中的事情（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　李嚴第一次發出的對他被壓制的抗議，使得蜀漢政權兩個托孤大臣之間首次冒出了公開的、不和諧的聲音，這也使諸葛亮進一步意識他在蜀漢政權里的地位是有威脅的，東州、益州集團的勢力不可小靦。因此諸葛亮在《出師表》中表現出來那些耐人尋味的舉動，以及對劉禪所說的如：“郭攸之、費禕、董允等，此皆良實，志慮忠純，……愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補闕漏，有所廣益。……親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也”這些話的目的和指向，也就都有了合理的解釋，同時也表現出當時蜀漢政權內部的權利斗爭開始激烈起來。</span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">建興六年春，這場由諸葛亮籌划已久的北伐終于開始，但卻由于諸葛亮親點的先鋒馬謖嚴重缺乏實戰經驗，所統帥的數路大軍被“識變數，善處營陳，料戰勢地形，無不如計，自諸葛亮皆憚之”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）的曹魏五大名將之一張郃，輕易于街亭一帶先后擊敗，導致這場諸葛亮策划的蜀漢政權首次北伐不但整個無功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而返，而且還遭受了一定的損失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　做為被諸葛亮親自提拔的先鋒大將的馬謖，當時并沒有象廣為流傳的那樣去諸葛亮那里請罪，而是在軍敗之后選擇了畏罪潛逃一途，后被緝捕歸案，在諸葛亮判其死刑后，還沒來得及執行，就于獄中病故。馬謖潛逃案還導致了与馬謖關系很好的荊楚集團的另一骨干向朗（向寵叔父），因知情不報而被革職賦閑達二十年之久（關于此事見拙作《諸葛亮沒有殺馬謖》一文）。可以這樣說，首次北伐失利使荊楚集團和諸葛亮都開始面臨劉備死后的最嚴重的打擊和考驗，而這次危机的源頭，完全是源自于諸葛亮的剛愎自用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　在此次選拔北伐先鋒人選的問題上，諸葛亮充分表現出了他性格當中剛愎自用的一面。劉備臨終前，或許是由于知道馬氏兄弟与諸葛亮的親密關系，因此曾特別提醒過諸葛亮：“馬謖言過其實，不可大用，君其察之！”，然而在劉備去世以后，“亮猶謂不然，以謖為參軍，每引見談論，自晝達夜”，可見諸葛亮并沒有把劉備的告誡當回事，說嚴重點，此舉甚至可以說是“背主”行為。而諸葛亮的一意孤行，將魏延、吳壹等宿將棄之不用“違眾拔謖”的舉動，也是可以想見會讓這些人很不高興的（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果北伐取得一定戰果，這些問題自然是煙消云散不成其為問題的，然而此次北伐不但無功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而返，還遭受了較大的損失，在這樣的情況下，這些問題便顯得格外嚴重起來。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　首先，諸葛亮要遭受來自魏延、吳壹等這一干軍隊中實權派們的質問，為什么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">\</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">先帝明确說“馬謖言過其實，不可大用，君其察之”，你還要違背先帝意旨、不用我們而“違眾拔謖”；其次當然是來自朝中的政治對手李嚴等人的詰難。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　以李嚴等人為首的東州、益州集團，一直遭受以諸葛亮為首的荊楚集團的排擠打壓，在這次北伐整個過程中，身為“統內外軍事”的托孤大臣李嚴甚至未能有一點點發表意見和起作用的机會，雖然他不至于會對這次完全由諸葛亮策划和指揮的北伐進行掣肘和為難，但對于這樣一個難得的、有可能徹底打跨諸葛亮和荊楚集團的机會，他們顯然不會輕易放過，必定會乘机大做文章。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　面對如此嚴重的政治危机，諸葛亮一方面上表自貶：“臣以弱才，叨竊非据，親秉旄鉞以厲三軍，不能訓章明法，臨事而懼，至有街亭違命之闕，箕谷不戒之失，咎皆在臣授任無方。臣明不知人，恤事多闇，春秋責帥，臣職是當。請自貶三等，以督厥咎。”然而他也知道僅僅是“授任無方”、“明不知人”這樣的說法，是不可能擺脫李嚴、甚至于是魏延、吳壹等人的責難的，因此另一方面諸葛亮還需要有一個人來承擔這次由他全權指揮的北伐戰役失敗的責任，以便給自己一個脫身的机會，而這個机會顯然就只能來自于馬謖。于是其后果終于、也只能是“戮謖以謝眾”，諸葛亮則貶為右將軍，但是卻依然“行丞相事，所總統如前”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。</span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">关于此次事件中马谡被杀这个结果，我以为正是诸葛亮本人造成的，马谡做了他的替罪羊，成为了政治权利斗争中的牺牲品：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，正是诸葛亮背刘备遗命而</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">
        </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“违众拔谡”，其罪在先</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，这次北伐是由他全权指挥，虽然马谡在街亭有“违命之阙”，但而后的行动中却还有“箕谷不戒之失”，这个总不能也怪罪马谡吧，因此追究起来还是他“授任无方”“不能训章明法”，完全委过于马谡有失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公允</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，马谡虽然“违亮节度，举动失宜，大为合所破”，然而有所谓“将在外君命有所不受”，做为一个前线指挥官是有一定的自主能力的，即使战败也罪不致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，最后一点，实际上也是重要的一点，那就是诸葛亮从来都不是象人们所称赞的那样执法公允而严明的，他的执法严明是要看对象和是否有政治需要的，也绝对没有任何所谓的公允可言。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">关于此次事件中马谡被杀这个结果，我以为正是诸葛亮本人造成的，马谡做了他的替罪羊，成为了政治权利斗争中的牺牲品：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，正是诸葛亮背刘备遗命而</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">
        </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“违众拔谡”，其罪在先</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，这次北伐是由他全权指挥，虽然马谡在街亭有“违命之阙”，但而后的行动中却还有“箕谷不戒之失”，这个总不能也怪罪马谡吧，因此追究起来还是他“授任无方”“不能训章明法”，完全委过于马谡有失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公允</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，马谡虽然“违亮节度，举动失宜，大为合所破”，然而有所谓“将在外君命有所不受”，做为一个前线指挥官是有一定的自主能力的，即使战败也罪不致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，最后一点，实际上也是重要的一点，那就是诸葛亮从来都不是象人们所称赞的那样执法公允而严明的，他的执法严明是要看对象和是否有政治需要的，也绝对没有任何所谓的公允可言。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">关于此次事件中马谡被杀这个结果，我以为正是诸葛亮本人造成的，马谡做了他的替罪羊，成为了政治权利斗争中的牺牲品：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，正是诸葛亮背刘备遗命而</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">
        </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“违众拔谡”，其罪在先</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，这次北伐是由他全权指挥，虽然马谡在街亭有“违命之阙”，但而后的行动中却还有“箕谷不戒之失”，这个总不能也怪罪马谡吧，因此追究起来还是他“授任无方”“不能训章明法”，完全委过于马谡有失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公允</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，马谡虽然“违亮节度，举动失宜，大为合所破”，然而有所谓“将在外君命有所不受”，做为一个前线指挥官是有一定的自主能力的，即使战败也罪不致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，最后一点，实际上也是重要的一点，那就是诸葛亮从来都不是象人们所称赞的那样执法公允而严明的，他的执法严明是要看对象和是否有政治需要的，也绝对没有任何所谓的公允可言。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">关于此次事件中马谡被杀这个结果，我以为正是诸葛亮本人造成的，马谡做了他的替罪羊，成为了政治权利斗争中的牺牲品：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，正是诸葛亮背刘备遗命而</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">
        </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“违众拔谡”，其罪在先</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，这次北伐是由他全权指挥，虽然马谡在街亭有“违命之阙”，但而后的行动中却还有“箕谷不戒之失”，这个总不能也怪罪马谡吧，因此追究起来还是他“授任无方”“不能训章明法”，完全委过于马谡有失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公允</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">3</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，马谡虽然“违亮节度，举动失宜，大为合所破”，然而有所谓“将在外君命有所不受”，做为一个前线指挥官是有一定的自主能力的，即使战败也罪不致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">4</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，最后一点，实际上也是重要的一点，那就是诸葛亮从来都不是象人们所称赞的那样执法公允而严明的，他的执法严明是要看对象和是否有政治需要的，也绝对没有任何所谓的公允可言。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这样一来就可以让我们更进一步地理解诸葛亮为什幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">不顾蒋琬等人的一再劝阻，甚至对劝阻他杀马谡的丞相参军李邈进行处罚，坚持要杀、惟恐杀不成的态度。其实，以诸葛亮和马良、马谡兄弟同为荆楚集团骨干的关系，平素又称兄道弟的亲密程度，倘若他真的是出于执法需要而无奈斩杀马谡，那应该对劝阻他杀马谡的人心怀感激才对，但事实上他对劝阻他杀马谡的人不但不感激，甚至可以说很厌恶，并不惜进行行政处罚：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　“马谡在前败绩，亮将杀之，邈谏以‘秦赦孟明，用伯西戎，楚诛子玉，二世不竞’，失亮意，还蜀”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　——《三国志》《蜀书》《李邵传》，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　由此可见他一再坚持要将马谡处死，而在判决马谡死刑时却又“为之流涕”，马谡死后又“自临祭，待其遗孤若平生”的态度，绝不仅仅出自与马氏兄弟的深厚感情，还有着更深层次的政治原因在内，也正是这些原因导致他非杀马谡不可，而且还惟恐杀不成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　实际上，真正可以导致马谡被处死的罪状，乃是马谡畏罪潜逃一事，但在诸葛亮请罪自贬的表章中，对此事却一个字也没提起，这也正是诸葛亮的厉害之处。因为他要让马谡来承担北伐失败的主要责任，要是马谡是因为畏罪潜逃而被处死，显然在北伐失败的问题上，诸葛亮所需要承担的责任就要更大一些，这一来对他自己所做的处罚就会显得轻了很多，不足以平息因此带来的这场政治危机，因此他对此一字不提。而这样做的结果乃是他成功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地依靠马谡之死，暂时解脱了这次可以危及他本人乃至整个荆楚集团在蜀汉政权中主导地位的危机。诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡，在我看来完全不象一直以来人们称赞不已的那样，是表明诸葛亮执法严明过于孙武的例证，相反联系他纵容或是支持法正滥杀无辜的事例来看，正好表现了他刚愎自矜而又老于政治手腕，做为一名权臣在政坛上善于翻手为云覆手雨的一面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">诸葛亮虽然借马谡的人头暂时成功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地摆脱了这场军事和政治上的危机，但是他既没有取得军事上的成果，也没能在政治上进一步稳固自己的地位，更严重的是他非但没有证明自己在军事上的能力，还给李严等在军事上有着多次成功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">记录的对手以及象魏延、吴壹这样军中的宿将们，留下了对他军事能力进行质疑的把柄。因此他这次北伐的目的全然没有达到，甚至还可以说是完全失败和大大地退了一步。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　有鉴于此，无论是出于他对蜀汉政权战略判断上得出的需要，还是出于他本人的政治需要，诸葛亮都必须再次开始北伐来摆脱这样的局面。北伐虽然是诸葛亮主动发起的，但街亭之败却犹如激活了一辆连他自己也无法使其停止的战车，使得他不论是否愿意，都必须跟着、而不是驾御着北伐这辆战车向前冲下去，将他此后的政治生涯和北伐紧紧地捆在了一起，并因此使他到达了人生里程中最辉煌的顶点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　同年冬天，二次北伐开始，蜀军围陈仓，由于军粮耗尽再次无功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而返。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　次年建兴七年，三次北伐，诸葛亮遣大将陈式攻魏之武都、阴平。魏雍州刺史郭淮率军迎战，诸葛亮出建威，郭淮退还，亮取二郡。至此，后主诏诸葛亮复丞相职。然而这数次北伐中，依旧不见李严等一干东州和益州集团骨干人士的踪影，相信李严对此是肯定不会没有意见的。</span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">李严在诸葛亮北伐期间，也没有闲着，他积极地策反原蜀汉降将曹魏的上庸守将孟达，在其中的一封信中曾以这样的语句来招降孟达：“吾与孔明俱受寄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">_</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，懮深责重，思得良伴”，从这里可以知道，他一直以来对自己与诸葛亮并列为托孤大臣这一重要的政治地位是时刻不忘，也是时刻以此为己任和十分看重的。但蜀汉前后三次北伐这样重大的行动，诸葛亮都没有一丝让他参与的做法，也肯定是让他十分不满的，因此他除了发出前面所说的要将“王郡之巴州”等等表示不满的信号外，还以另一种方式展开了对诸葛亮一直以来排挤他这一举动的反击。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　他在一次给诸葛亮的信中“劝亮宜受九锡，进爵称王”，这和孙权劝曹操称帝相仿佛，但又很难说清楚他是想把诸葛亮摆上众所矢的的位置，还是在嘲讽诸葛亮。总之不管怎幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">样，诸葛亮很清楚李严这一举动绝没安什幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">好心，因此明确表示自己不会上这个当：“吾本东方下士，误用于先帝，位极人臣，禄赐百亿，今讨贼未效，知己未答，而方宠齐、晋，坐自贵大，非其义也。若灭魏斩叡，帝还故居，与诸子并升，虽十命可受，况于九邪！”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">13</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　不过诸葛亮这话却前后有点矛盾，前面他说“吾本东方下士，误用于先帝，位极人臣，禄赐百亿”，似乎对目前位极人臣的状况已经心满意足，但后来却话锋一转急转直下。称王受九锡，就成了有着自己封“国”的诸侯，乃是那个时代人臣所能达到的颠峰，诸葛亮在回绝了这一不知道是有着什幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">居心的建议后，在结尾时又偏偏来上了一句“虽十命可受，况于九邪”，这话就与他前面表现的心满意足的态度产生了矛盾，非但矛盾还迹近于大逆不道，“虽十命可受”，就是说他甚至可以接受超越称王受九锡的待遇，那犹如直说称帝了。这样的说话出自诸葛丞相之口，与他历来被说成“谨慎谦恭”的风格是极不相称的，但我却以为这才是他个性和思想的真实写照，他虽然拒绝了李严的建议，但却不自觉地露出了他自傲的、乃至于漠视刘禅的态度。</span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">建兴八年，魏大将军曹真三路攻蜀，诸葛亮拒之，随即准备第二年出军进行第四次北伐。这回他再次要求李严率军北上汉中受他节度，诸葛亮在后来列举李严罪状的表章中对李严的反应是这样写的：“去年臣欲西征，欲令平主督汉中，平说司马懿等开府辟召。臣知平鄙情，欲因行之际偪臣取利也，是以表平子丰督主江州，隆崇其遇，以取一时之务。”（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">14</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　李严这个时候说“司马懿等开府辟召”，显然正如诸葛亮所言的那样是“欲因行之际偪臣取利也”，而李严以司马懿等开府辟召为借口向诸葛亮逼利，也并不是随便拿来就用的借口，他对诸葛亮开府而他没能享受同等待遇一直是耿耿于怀的，此刻他看似随便地举了这幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一件事情做例子来逼诸葛亮，事实上正是表达了他北上汉中的条件是要得到他这个和诸葛亮并列的托孤重臣应该得到的“利”，也就是要和诸葛亮一样，可以开府选拔官吏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　诸葛亮当然是不可能答应也不会允许发生这样的事情，但他也明白，在面对曹魏势力强大的压力下，与李严这样长期僵持下去也并不是什幺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">\</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">好事。而李严和他二人，虽然在权利斗争中互不相让，但在对维持蜀汉政权生存的这一根本点上却是绝对没有分歧的。因此他做出了妥协，“表严子丰为江州都督督军，典严后事”，继续把江州一带保留给李严；而相对他的妥协，李严也作出了对应的姿态：“将二万人赴汉中”，同时接受诸葛亮的任命，担任中都护署府事（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">15</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），并将自己的名字由严改为平。按那时的解释，平字含义大致为行事有序、平定乱事，这相当符合当时的形势。李严终于去了汉中，与诸葛亮在刘备死后首次共事，看上去似乎诸葛亮和李严二人就此握手言和了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">建兴九年春，蜀军在诸葛亮的统帅下四次北伐，兵出祁山与魏军对峙。然而诸葛亮这次依然运气不太好，在后来的一段时间内碰上了连续暴雨天气，导致汉中的粮运不继。而后的整个事件就显得比较富有戏剧性了：“平遣参军狐忠、督军成籓喻指，呼亮来还；亮承以退军。平闻军退，乃更阳惊，说‘军粮饶足，何以便归’！欲以解己不办之责，显亮不进之愆也。又表后主，说‘军伪退，欲以诱贼与战’。亮具出其前后手笔书疏本末，平违错章灼。平辞穷情竭，首谢罪负。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><br/><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #663333; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">　　之所以说这次的事件有戏剧性，是因为以李严这样一个极富政治经验和军事能力的人物，居然犯了如此低级的错误，仅仅由于暴雨而导致粮运不继，他就先让参军狐忠、督军成籓等一群人去前线以朝廷名义召诸葛亮撤军，然后上表后主说诸葛亮撤军是诱敌之计，而当他在汉中听说诸葛亮开始撤军时，却又假装吃惊地说“军粮饶足，何以便归”，种种互相矛盾的的漏洞前后非一，导致最后“辞穷情竭，首谢罪负”。</span>

[em20]

<p>六阿哥喜欢诸葛亮啊</p><p>看你美成那样</p>

<p>呵呵</p><p>六弟他经常这样</p><p>笑得像朵花一样</p>

<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="4">刘备托孤的那句话，说的真是很贼。</font></p><p><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="4">好一个先发制人。临死前也不忘为子嗣铺好路。</font></p>

<p>诸葛亮本来就不是什么省油的灯,只不过被罗冠中神化了</p><p>要是在现在,孔明应该还要付给罗广告费了吧,呵呵</p>

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
顶!

一个十足的政治家,不过如果没有他蜀早就亡了也不会有三国鼎立的局面出现,诸葛亮的心计确实深看他给自己找的老婆,自己得了美名而且他老婆还帮了他不少的
偶想起了周总理,同样也是政治家,比诸葛亮有魅力帅多了