【元佑年首届科举考试试题答案及得分配比】
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">一、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">单选题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span>、<span lang="EN-US">A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9</span>、<span lang="EN-US">B<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>11</span>、<span lang="EN-US">A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>13</span>、<span lang="EN-US">A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>14</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">二、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">材料分析题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">①</span>自耕农是封建国家长治久安的基础，是赋税和徭役的保证<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>；自耕农具有较强的生产积极性，有利于社会生产的发展<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="’">3’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">②</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">有利因素：封建王朝初期往往采取奖励垦荒和扶植自耕农的政策。<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="’">3’</chmetcnv>)</span>不利因素：封建国家加于自耕农的沉重徭役负担<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；自耕农经济难以抵抗自然灾害<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；封建地主的土地兼并<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">③</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">封建统治的安定依赖于大量自耕农的存在，但是封建政府的剥削和地主阶级的土地兼并又不断地破坏自耕农经济，形成封建社会一个深刻的矛盾<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="’">5’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">17</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">①</span>周初的分封制<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>，目的是屏周，巩固西周奴隶主政权<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="’">3’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">②</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">保护周王室<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>；忠于职守，保卫封地<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>；定期朝见天子，向天子述职<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。诸侯服从天子。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">③</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">王室衰微，诸侯不尊天子<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。分封制崩<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。造成春秋时期周后争霸的局面，国家分裂<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">18</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">①</span>王室衰微，诸侯争霸<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。分封制崩溃<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">②</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">秦在最西，属中原“辟远”<span lang="EN-US"> (<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="4" unitname="’">4’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">③</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">打着“尊王攘夷”的旗号<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="4" unitname="’">4’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">④</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">春秋后期<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。井田制瓦解<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。生产力的发展（铁器、牛耕的使用）<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">三、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">问答题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">19</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、特点和实质：魏晋南朝时期，士族制度充分发展，各朝皇帝都依赖士族的支持<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；士族门阀一句门第高低垄断高级官职<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；士族势力在经济上也占有大量土地和劳动力<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。士族制度实质是封建特权等级观念的体现，是地主阶级上层垄断统治的一种体现<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">根源：在封建制度的确立和最初发展过程中，地主阶级上层拥有雄厚经济势力和较高的社会地位，如东汉的豪强地主，是士族制度形成的历史根源<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；最高统治者对地主阶级上层的一来和扶植是其发展的重要原因<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；封建等级在观念的影响也不可忽视<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">衰败：封建门阀士族自身的腐朽，使之不能适应封建制度发展的需要<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>；士族制度的发展也不利于中央集权<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>；随着封建经济的发展，庶族大地主势力的增强，也要求对封建上层建筑作出调整<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、不同表现：<span lang="EN-US">①</span>北宋的城市商业繁荣，边地贸易频繁。市场上流通的货币除铜钱、贴钱、白银外，还在四川地区出现了世界上最早的纸币——“交子”<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> ②</span>南宋商业突出表现为对外贸易的发达，出现了著名的对外贸易港口——广州、明州和泉州<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">原因：<span lang="EN-US">①</span>北宋结束五代十国的分裂局面，农业、手工业也都有较大的发展，促进了城市商业繁荣，北宋还在宋辽、宋夏边境开设榷场（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">榷场：指中国辽、宋、西夏、金政权各在接界地点设置的互市市场。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">），促进了边地贸易。<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)②</span>南宋偏安江南一隅，西北少数民族证券阻隔陆路交通；同时，南宋造船术的进步和指南针在航海中的使用；再加上北方农民的大量南迁，南方相对安定的环境，社会经济超过北方；南宋统治者采取鼓励海外贸易的政策。<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">重视原因：<span lang="EN-US">①</span>由于北宋庞大的军事官僚机构开支庞大。<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="’">1’</chmetcnv>)②</span>两宋对少数民族贵族的妥协，每年要送给辽、西夏、金大量岁币，为了增加国家财政收入，都比较重视商业的发展。<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="’">2’</chmetcnv>)</span></span></p>